The top five causes of dark spots on the skin are:
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Sun Exposure: Prolonged and unprotected exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays is one of the primary causes of dark spots. UV rays can trigger the overproduction of melanin, resulting in the formation of sunspots or age spots.
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Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during pregnancy (melasma) or with the use of certain medications, can lead to the development of dark spots. These spots are commonly known as melasma or chloasma and typically appear on the face.
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Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Skin inflammation caused by acne, injuries, or skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis can result in dark spots. PIH occurs when the skin produces excess melanin as part of the healing process, leaving behind discolored patches.
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Aging: As we age, our skin undergoes various changes, including an increase in the production of melanin. This can lead to the formation of age spots or liver spots, which are commonly found on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, and shoulders.
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Skin Trauma: Any trauma or injury to the skin, such as burns, cuts, or abrasions, can trigger the development of dark spots during the healing process. This is similar to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, where the skin produces excess melanin in response to the injury.
It's important to note that genetic factors, certain medications, and underlying health conditions can also contribute to the formation of dark spots. Consulting with a dermatologist can help determine the specific cause of dark spots and guide appropriate treatment options.